The study of light and the interaction of light and matter is termed optics. The observation and study of optical phenomena such as rainbows and the aurora borealis offer many clues as to the nature of light. (Source: Light) This phenomenon is called refraction where the when the light wave go through a medium filled with water the light will refract or change direction from an angle where the light came from. For instance, a straw look bend when it is put in a glass of water.
The theory apply the same towards rainbow as after the rain stop the light will be refracted from the fog that rise up from the ground because of the different temperature of the ground and the rain that cause a rainbow to form.
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